The Supreme Court heard oral arguments in United States v. Vaello Madero. The dispute concerned the exclusion of Puerto Rico residents from Supplemental Security Income, bringing unequal access to federal benefits before the justices. A decision followed in 2022. Original NAPREC analysis in English and Spanish.

In Vaello Madero, the Supreme Court held that the Constitution did not require Congress to extend SSI to Puerto Rico residents. The ruling upheld the statutory distinction; it did not prevent Congress from choosing to expand the program. Original NAPREC analysis in English and Spanish.

The Supreme Court held that PROMESA did not categorically remove the oversight board’s sovereign immunity. The Court assumed immunity for its analysis without deciding that separate question, in litigation over access to public documents. Original NAPREC analysis in English and Spanish.

The U.S. Senate confirmed Gina Méndez-Miró as a district judge for Puerto Rico by 54–45. The official roll call records a concrete federal judicial appointment affecting the territory. Original NAPREC analysis in English and Spanish.